Schematic

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This slide summarizes the diagnostics shown in the previous slides. The primary, heavy rain band forms underneath a P.V. maxima, near the northwest edge of a maxima of frontogenesis, in the presence of gravitational mid-level instability. The "feeder" band forms near the area where enhanced low-level inflow first intersects the sloping front, in an area where the instability is based close to the ground.

Enhanced outflow in the upper-troposphere associated with the P.V. maxima / latent heat release in the mid-troposphere strengthens the upper-level jet northwest of the surface cyclone. The upper-tropospheric divergence associated with upper-tropospheric jet strengthens the flow up the sloping frontal zone, leading to enhanced lift.

The entire environment was characterized by an elevated freezing level (around 15000 feet).

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